Archives For Learning 2.0

Alfie Kohn reviews a Indiana University School of Education survey that finds little correlation between time spent on homework and better course grades for math and science students. The survey did reveal a positive relationship between homework time and performance on standardized tests but all this demonstrates is a correlation not causation. Furthermore, the correlation was modest and the resulting one to two hours of homework only result in an increase of two to three points on a test. Kohn warns:

Thus, a headline that reads “Study finds homework boosts achievement” can be translated as “A relentless regimen of after-school drill-and-skill can raise scores a wee bit on tests of rote learning.”

Kohn also points out that while the survey revealed a modest correlation between homework and standardized test scores he reminds us more importantly that the survey revealed

There was no relationship whatsoever between time spent on homework and course grade, and “no substantive difference in grades between students who complete homework and those who do not.”

Perhaps the most accurate prediction that came out of this article was that despite the data showing the homework is not worth the time or effort many people would offer platitudes about its importance and would be afraid to give it up. The concluding paragraph is following by comment confirming Kohn’s prediction:

many people will respond to these results by repeating platitudes about the importance of practice, or by complaining that anyone who doesn’t think kids need homework is coddling them and failing to prepare them for the “real world”… Those open to evidence, however, have been presented this fall with yet another finding that fails to find any meaningful benefit even when the study is set up to give homework every benefit of the doubt.

This is a sad commentary on our educational system. Even when the data is clear study after study that homework is not beneficial you still have people in the system commenting that they would not be willing to take the risk of NOT assigning homework and having to deal with irate parents or school administrators. Fear is holding back our children’s and our future.

Read the full WSJ article…

I have been involved in formally leading change in a wide variety of educational settings for the past 20 years and inevitably following a guest lecture, webinar or conference presentation I am asked to recommend a book or two or three on change. The following list is a response to those requests.

I will not be numbering the list because I don’t want to rank the books because they have all played a special role in my development.

Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us
by Daniel Pink.
Pink’s summary of the power of intrinsic over extrinsic motivation is unmatched. He points to major and extensive research that reveals that autonomy, mastery and purpose are more powerful motivators than the carrot and the stick.

Leading Change, With a New Preface by the Author
by John P. Kotter.
Kotter points to many years of research that reveals that more than 70% of organization change efforts fail. His Eight Steps to Leading Change are the best way to insure that your change efforts will be successful.

A Failure of Nerve: Leadership in the Age of the Quick Fix
by Edwin H. Friedman
Friedman makes the argument that the poorly self-differentiated leader at any level in an organization will undercut their subordinates because these types of leaders lack the courage and confidence in themselves to effectively lead. This is perhaps one of the most challenging and controversial leadership books because it calls for a leader to take responsibility for the emotional health of an organization.

Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap… and Others Don’t
by Jim Collins
This has to be the contemporary research based classic on building a successful organization. Collins reveals that good isn’t good enough when you wish to build a great organization.

Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative
by Ken Robinson
Robinson makes the argument for why we need to promote creativity or, more importantly, create the environments were creativity can flourish. He points out how our educational systems overemphasis on Math, Science and related discipline has all but killed creativity in our schools.

Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns
by Clayton M Christensen, Michael B. Horn & Curtis W. Johson.
Christensen applies his well-researched theory of disruptive innovation to K-12 education and points to online learning as the disruptive catalyst that is about to finally change the educational system in North America. In the four years since the book has been published Christensen’s predictions are not only being realized, his time table for the culmination of this disruption may yet prove to be too conservative.

Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World
by Don Tapscott
Tapscott builds on the ideas he presented several years earlier in Growing Up Digital and Wikinomics and expounds on how the Net Generation thinks, learns and socializes differently and how we can leverage these differences to improve our society.

What Would Google Do?: Reverse-Engineering the Fastest Growing Company in the History of the World
By Jeff Jarvis
Jarvis applies Googles way of thinking to: media, advertising, retail, utilities, manufacturing, service, finance, public welfare and public institutions and offers suggestions on how these industries need to change in order to survive in the age of the Internet.

The Power of Pull: How Small Moves, Smartly Made, Can Set Big Things in Motion
by John Seely Brown, John Hagel III & Lang Davison
Seely Brown and colleagues point to the fact that the industrialized world has begun the move from assuming or estimating what we want and pushing out these products and services to a world where resources and services are pulled together in a just in time fashion to respond to our individual needs. The ability to build these powerful pull networks will be key to determining success in the digital age.

A New Culture of Learning: Cultivating the Imagination for a World of Constant Change
by Douglas Thomas & John Seely Brown
Thomas and Brown shatter the myth that teaching is necessary for learning to occur by revealing the power of learning environments that are all around us. They further upend the notion that learning only happens in the classroom or in a mechanistic fashion by pointing out learning is more often a messy, social, playful and constant activity that is more effective in an informal setting.

I can easily add another ten to fifteen books to this list but more is not necessary better when you are just starting out or if you are trying help your organization move forward in using technology as a tool to enhance the learning environment.

Seton Hall University is best know for following Abilene Christian University (ACU) into the mobile learning space with their iPad and Android tablet pilots in 2011. Having had the opportunity meet with several Seton Hall faculty at ACU Connected conferences while I was at ACU I know first hand that the user experience and using technology to enhance learning was a top priority for these people at Seton Hall. This is why the Converge article which points to the Seton Halls Windows 8 pilot and the primary reason for giving up on the iPad and Android pilots as device management was so disappointing. The Associate CIO’s statement:

The enterprise deployment and support features just aren’t there in the other two platforms like they’ve existed in Windows for so long.

confirms that when Information Technology (IT) management and deployment issues become the top priority for a platform deployment you can be certain that the users needs, in this case the faculty and students, are no longer the drivers for change. In addition to management issues the article does also points to the institutions desire to run Microsoft’s One Note which only runs on Windows. Once again this is unfortunately and another indicator that IT management needs are driving this move because the free and cloud based application Evernote is not only a viable substitute for One Note it is actually an upgrade.

Having worked in the role of a CIO and other IT management capacities I can appreciate the convenience that working with well established Windows based deployment tools can offer but I need to remind everyone that when it comes to building an effective learning environment the needs of the IT department should not override the needs of the learner. IT should be supporting the learner (which includes the faculty member) and should be striving to provide an infrastructure where the learner can seamlessly do what they need to do with their own iPad, Android or other mobile device. The learner/consumer has spoken by making the iPad the most popular and transformative network device we have seen in the history of information technology. Its popularity is based primarily on the fact that you don’t need the “dark arts” of the IT department to install software or even configure the device to work or you don’t need to take a course to use it–the iPad is intuitive and it just works. While I can’t yet comment on the Windows tablet yet, many years of experience with Windows has confirmed that there is nothing intuitive about Windows and huge IT departments are necessary to support this platform.

The moves that Seton Hall are making are troubling but not that surprising. We have seen Higher Education IT departments influence platform choices in the past. When the early Learning/Course Management Systems (CMS or LMS) were being developed in the late 90’s it didn’t take too long for the management, deployment and support issues to become the drivers of change. When you factor in the consolidation of the LMS industry by companies like Blackboard we now have some of the best “walled gardens” every built that most faculty would much rather not use. The command and control model so useful for IT departments and offered by the Blackboards of the world not only limits innovation and change it limits learning.

In contrast the iPhone, iPad and related IOS devices as well as Android devices that students choose on their own and most often come to school with are simply tools that these leaners have chosen to help enhance their learning. I have repeatedly stated that the best technology is invisible and simply enhances the experience without drawing any attention to itself. The best technology is also the technology that that average person will set up on their own and use on a daily basis. The best technology for higher education is what faculty are willing to use on a daily basis and what they and their students have to chosen to use on their own. The bring your own device (BYOD) model of technology deployment is what the iPad and related IOS devices have established. This is the technology strategy that can enhance learning.

Unfortunately for Seton Hall and many similar institutions issues of command and control will trump user preference and usability.

For another perspective on the perspective of command and control model of technology deployment verses the BYOD model review the SAP Business Innovation article: Will Prosumer Tablets Beat The iPad In The Enterprise?

Christopher Dawson predicts that the following major technologies will have a major impact on Education in 2012:

  • Analytics and BI will go mainstream
  • Google’s tablet will NOT be the holy grail of 1:1
  • BYOD will make 1:1 possible in a big way
  • Khan Academy, et al, will give publishers and mainstream educators a run for their money
  • We will say goodbye to a lot more libraries and hello to a lot more information

Of the 5 predictions that Dawson makes I have to agree with him fully on his final three. Bring your own device (BYOD) not only makes logistically with the cutbacks we face in Education it also makes sense financially. Technology is the easy part of this major trend but the challenging part is the fact that since some faculty and staff have lived and worked in an environment of control where technology has traditionally been provided that it may be difficult for them to give up some control and adopt to this change.

Similarly, open education resources like Kahn Academy and many others as well as the move from books to digital resources will be technologically easy to implement but will face opposition from those who still prefer the “traditional” approach that has worked for so many years.

One of the consistent trends that I have seen over the years is that getting the technology in place is the easy part but the hard part is getting the faculty to use technology to enhance the learning environment. I was willing to cut faculty and staff some slack on their apprehension toward adopting technology even up until about 19 months ago but with the release of the iPad and subsequently the iPad2 and Android tablets my patience has run out. Why? Prior to the IOS and Android devices becoming so popular and readily accessible it wasn’t that easy to live and work digitally and faculty and staff could use the excuse that they needed training and support in order to be able to work digitally. We are finally at a point where training isn’t required to use technology like an iPad or Android tablet. Faculty still do need significant instruction and support in learning how to create effective learning environments but at least now the technology part of this process is no longer a hindrance.